Academic Phrasebank Navigable PDF. By gladys ngwa. Scientific academic phrases bank. By JOPR IAIN Salatiga. Report of the one day participatory training workshop onAcademic Writing Principles and blogger.com By P Sreekumar. English for Writing Research Papers by Adrian Wallwork The Academic Phrase bank is a general resource for academic writers. It makes explicit the more common phraseological ‘nuts and bolts’ of academic writing. A compendium of commonly used phrasal elements in academic English in PDF format.5/5 Academic blogger.com Click the start the download. DOWNLOAD PDF. Report this file. Description Download UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER. Academic blogger.com Free in pdf format. Account Login. Register. Search. Search. About Us We believe everything in the internet must be free. So this tool was designed for free download
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A short summary of this paper, phrasebank pdf. READ PAPER, phrasebank pdf. Highlighting a problemOne of the main obstacles … One of the greatest challenges … A key issue is the safe disposal of … The main disadvantage of X phrasebank pdf that … X is associated with increased risk of … X is a common disorder characterised by … It is now well established that X can phrasebank pdf … X is a common, chronic disease of childhood.
X has led to the declines in the populations of … X is a growing public health concern worldwide. X is one of the most frequently stated problems with … The main challenge faced by many experiments is the … Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years. X is a major public health problem, and the main cause of … Xs are one of the most rapidly declining groups of insects in … X is the leading cause of death in western-industrialised countries, phrasebank pdf.
Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use. Exposure to X has been shown to be related to adverse effects in … There phrasebank pdf increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged … There is an urgent need to address the safety problems caused by … However, X may cause … X is limited by … Phrasebank pdf suffers from … X is too expensive to be used for … X has accentuated the problem of … the performance of X is limited by … X could be a contributing factor to … the synthesis of X remains a major challenge, phrasebank pdf.
X can be extremely harmful to human beings. research has consistently shown that X lacks … a major problem with this kind of application is … the determination of X is technically challenging. current methods of X have proven to be unreliable. these rapid changes are having a serious effect on … X can be adversely affected under certain conditions. observations have indicated a serious decline in the population of … Highlighting a controversy phrasebank pdf the field of studyA much debated question is whether … One phrasebank pdf issue in early X research concerned … To date there has been little agreement on what … The issue has grown in importance in light of recent … In the literature on X, the relative importance of Y is debated.
One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in … Questions have been raised about the use of animal subjects in … In many Xs, a debate is taking place between Ys and Zs concerning … Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of … This concept has recently been challenged by X studies demonstrating … The debate about X has gained fresh prominence with many arguing that … Scholars have long debated the impact of X on the creation and diffusion of … More recently, phrasebank pdf, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about … One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is … One major theoretical issue that has dominated the field for many years concerns … The controversy about scientific evidence for X has raged unabated for over a century, phrasebank pdf.
The issue of X has been a controversial and much disputed subject within the field of … The causes of X have been the subject of phrasebank pdf debate within the scientific community.
In the literature on X, the relative importance of Y has been subject to considerable discussion. General reference to previous research or scholarship: highlighting paucity of researchThere is little published data on … No previous study has investigated X. The use of X has not been investigated. There has been no detailed investigation of … There has been little quantitative analysis of … Data about the efficacy and safety of X are limited. Up to now, far too little attention has been paid to … A search of the literature revealed few studies which … The impact of X on Y is understudied, particularly for … Few studies have investigated X in any systematic way … In addition, no research has been found that surveyed … So far, phrasebank pdf, however, there has been little discussion about … So far, very little attention has been paid to the role of X.
Surprisingly, the effects of X have not been closely examined. In contrast to X, there is much less information about effects of … A systematic understanding of how X contributes to Y is still lacking. Part of the aim of this project is to develop software that is compatible with … There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate … 2. To ascertain … This study seeks to obtain data which will help to address these research gaps. One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were … The purpose of this investigation is to explore the relationship between X and Y.
Synopsis of the research design, method, phrasebank pdf, source s of dataData for this study were collected using … Five works will phrasebank pdf examined, all of which … This investigation takes the form of a case-study of the … This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature. This study uses a qualitative case study approach to investigate … The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: … The approach to empirical research adopted for this phrasebank pdf was one of … This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of … By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the … Qualitative phrasebank pdf quantitative research designs were adopted to provide … Both qualitative phrasebank pdf quantitative methods were used in this investigation.
Phrasebank pdf holistic approach is utilised, phrasebank pdf, integrating X, Y and Z material to establish … The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via … The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on … A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis.
Indicating significanceThis research sheds new light on … This study provides new insights into … The study offers some important insights into … The present study fills a phrasebank pdf in the literature by … Understanding the link between X and Y will help … This investigation will enhance our understanding of … This is the first study to undertake a longitudinal analysis of … The present research explores, for the first time, phrasebank pdf, the effects of … The findings should make an important contribution to the field of …, phrasebank pdf.
This study provides an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge of … This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring … This project provided an important opportunity to advance the understanding of … Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on Phrasebank pdf by demonstrating phrasebank pdf There are several important areas where this study makes an original contribution to phrasebank pdf Indicating limitationsThe thesis does not engage with … This study is unable to encompass the entire … It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the … A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study.
The reader should bear in mind that the study is phrasebank pdf on … Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad.
My main reason for choosing this topic is personal interest, phrasebank pdf. It is my experience of working with X phrasebank pdf has driven this research, phrasebank pdf. This project was conceived during my time working for X. The essay has been organised in the following way, phrasebank pdf. The remaining part of the paper proceeds as follows: … The main issues addressed in this paper are: aphrasebank pdf, b and c. This phrasebank pdf first gives a brief overview of the recent history of X.
This paper has been divided into four parts. The first part deals with … The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study.
As well as being systematic, the review should be evaluative and critical of the studies or ideas which are relevant to the current phrasebank pdf. For example, you may think a particular study did not investigate some important aspect of the area you are researching, phrasebank pdf, that the author s failed to notice a weakness in their methods, or that their conclusion is not well-supported refer to Being Critical.
A note on referencing style: The way a writer refers to other sources varies somewhat across different disciplines. In some cases, where the individual author is important, the author's name will phrasebank pdf the main subject of the sentence; in other cases, the author's name may only be Search mentioned in brackets … or via a number notation system e. footnotes and endnotes. The 'author as subject' style is less common in the empirical disciplines sciences and more commonly used in the humanities.
Different referencing systems are used in different disciplines. In the majority of the examples given here, the Harvard in-text referencing system has been used. For reference to specific phrasebank pdf carried out in the past, the simple past tense is most commonly used. This is normally the case where a specific date or point in time in the past forms a part of the sentence. When referring to the words or ideas of writers, phrasebank pdf, the present tense is often used if the ideas are still relevant, even if the author is no longer alive.
The examples given below reflect these general patterns, phrasebank pdf, but these are by no means rigid.
General descriptions of the relevant literatureThe literature on X has highlighted several … Different theories exist in the literature regarding … More phrasebank pdf attention has focused on the provision of … There are relatively few historical studies in the area of … A great deal of previous research into X has focused on … A phrasebank pdf and growing body phrasebank pdf literature has investigated … Much of the literature since the mids emphasises the … Much of phrasebank pdf current literature on X pays particular attention to … There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of … The existing literature on X is extensive and focuses particularly on … There is a relatively small body of literature that is concerned with … The generalisability of much published research on phrasebank pdf issue is problematic.
A considerable amount of literature has been published on X, phrasebank pdf. These studies … What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how … The academic literature on X has revealed the emergence of several contrasting themes.
Previous research: historyResearch into X phrasebank pdf a long history, phrasebank pdf. For many years, this phenomenon was surprisingly neglected by … Only in the past ten years have studies of X directly addressed how … Prior to the work of Smiththe role of X was largely unknown.
Over the past decade, most research in X has emphasized the use of … In recent years, phrasebank pdf, there has been an increasing amount of literature on … Early phrasebank pdf of research into X include … Smith, ;Jones, During the past 30 years, much more information has become available on … The first phrasebank pdf discussions and analyses of X emerged during the s with … Over the past two decades, major advances in phrasebank pdf biology have allowed … Historically, phrasebank pdf, research investigating the factors associated with X has focused on … It is only since the work of Smith that the study of X has gained momentum.
The construct of X was first articulated by Smith and popularised in his book: … Around the early s, phrasebank pdf, small-scale research and case studies began to emerge linking … It was not until the late s that historians considered X worthy of scholarly attention.
Awareness of X is not recent, having possibly first been described in the 5th century BCE by … Previous research: approaches takenMost research on X has been carried out in … Most researchers investigating X have utilised … Using this approach, researchers have been able to … Several systematic reviews of X have been undertaken.
The vast majority of studies on X have been quantitative. What we know about X is largely based on observational studies. There are a number of large cross-sectional studies which suggest … Much of the previous research on X has been exploratory in nature. Much of the X research has focused on identifying and evaluating the … Publications that concentrate on X more frequently adopt a historical or chronological approach … General reference to previous research or scholarship: normally more than one author Reference to single investigations in the past: researcher s as sentence subject Smith showed that reducing X phrasebank pdf o C decreased … see Figure 2.
demonstrated that when the maximum temperature is exceeded … found that as levels of literacy and education of the population rise …Jones et al. compared the rate of … labelled phrasebank pdf subsets as … measured both components of the … used a survey to assess the various … identified parents phrasebank pdf disabled children as … set up a series of virtual experiments using … examined the flow of international students … carried out a number of investigations into the … studied the effects of X on unprotected nerve cells.
analysed the data from 72 countries and concluded that … phrasebank pdf undergraduate students using semi-structured … performed a phrasebank pdf series of experiments in the s to show that … reviewed the literature from the period and found little evidence for this … conducted a series of trials in which he mixed X with phrasebank pdf quantities of … investigated the differential impact of formal and non-formal education on … Reference to single investigations or publications in the past: time frame prominentInit was shown that … In studies of rats given X, Smith and colleagues found that … In a study which set out phrasebank pdf determine X, phrasebank pdf, Smith found that … In a randomised controlled study of X, Smith reported that … In another major study, Smith found that just over half of the … In a recent cross-sectional study, Smith b investigated whether … In a large longitudinal study, Smith et al.
In one well-known recent experiment, phrasebank pdf, limits phrasebank pdf X were found to be … Smith, Reference to single investigations in the past: research topic as main focus X, Y and Z appear to be closely linked Smith, Phrasebank pdf determine the effects of X, Jones et al. The electronic spectroscopy of X was first studied by Smith and Jones in X formed the central focus phrasebank pdf a study by Smith in which the author found … To better understand the mechanisms of X and its effects, Jones analysed the … X was first demonstrated experimentally by Pavlov Smith, In his seminal study … The acid-catalyzed condensation reaction between X and Y was first reported by Smith in The way in which X is regulated was studied extensively by Phrasebank pdf and colleagues Smith et al.
Reference to what other writers do in their text: author as subjectIn Chapter 2, Smith provides us with a number of important … In the subsequent chapter, Smith examines the extent to which … By drawing on the phrasebank pdf of X, Smith has been able to show that … Some analysts phrasebank pdf. Carnoy, phrasebank pdf, have attempted to draw fine distinctions between … Drawing on an extensive phrasebank pdf of sources, the authors set out the different ways in which … Other authors see Harbison, phrasebank pdf, ;Kaplan, question the usefulness of such an approach, phrasebank pdf.
Smith identifies X, Y, and Z as the major phrasebank pdf of … draws on an extensive range of sources to assess … highlights the need to break the link between X and Y. uses examples of these various techniques as evidence that … mentions the special situation of Singapore as an example of … questions whether mainstream schools are the best environment for … draws our attention to distinctive categories of X often observed in … considers whether countries work well on cross-border issues such as … discusses the challenges and strategies for facilitating and promoting … provides in-depth analysis of the work of Aristotle showing its relevance to … defines evidence based medicine as phrasebank pdf conscious, explicit and judicious use of … lists three reasons why the English language has become so dominant.
These are: … traces phrasebank pdf development of Japanese history and philosophy during the 19th phrasebank pdf. In her review of …, phrasebank pdf, In her major study, In her analysis of …, In her case study of …, In her introduction to …, phrasebank pdf, In her seminal article, phrasebank pdf, In her classic critique of …, In her phrasebank pdf analysis of …, Smith identifies five characteristics of … Reference to another writer's phrasebank pdf or position author as subject According to Smithpreventative medicine is far more cost effective, and therefore … As noted by Smith X is far more cost effective, and therefore … Smith points out argues maintains claims conclude s suggests that preventative medicine is far more cost effective, and therefore better adapted to the developing world.
Smith argues for offers proposes suggests an explanatory theory for each type of irrational belief. The Methods section should be clear and detailed enough phrasebank pdf another experienced person to repeat the research and reproduce the results.
Where the methods chosen are new, phrasebank pdf, unfamiliar or perhaps even controversial, or where the intended audience is from many disciplines, the Methods section will tend to be much more extensive. Typical stretches of text found in this section of a research article or dissertation along with examples of the kind of language used for phrasebank pdf are listed below.
Note that for most of the functional categories in this section, phrasebank pdf, the verbs are written in the simple past tense.
Describing previously used methodsMany researchers have utilised X to measure … One of the most well-known tools for assessing … Traditionally, X has been assessed by measuring … A number of phrasebank pdf have been developed to … Different methods have been proposed to classify … X is the main non-invasive method used to determine … Search Different authors phrasebank pdf measured X in a variety of ways.
Several methods currently exist for the measurement of X. Previous studies have based their criteria for selection on … X is one of the most common procedures for determining … There are three main types phrasebank pdf study design used to identify … The use of phrasebank pdf story data has a relatively long tradition within X.
Writing your research report: Academic phrasebank
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Academic Phrasebank The Academic Phrasebank is a copyright free general resource for academic writers. It aims to provide you with some of the phraseological "nuts and bolts" of writing under the headings below (see contents table). It was designed primarily for international students whose first language is not English The Academic Phrasebank is a general resource for academic writers. It makes explicit the more common phraseological nuts and bolts of academic writing. Academic Phrasebank A compendium of commonly used phrasal elements in academic English in PDF format enhanced edition Dr File Size: 1MB REF-N-WRITE contains a phrasebank of 20, academic writing phrases for use by students and researchers writing research papers. These academic phrases were extracted from high-quality scientific journal articles by a team of academic experts. Only very small chunks of generic text were extracted from previous papers, and hence the use of these academic phrases in new papers will not
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